Von Freien und Gleichen

@article{Arnstein1969,

title = {A Ladder of Citizen Partizipation},

author = {Sherry Arnstein},

year  = {1969},

date = {1969-00-00},

issuetitle = {Journal of the American Institut of Planners },

journal = {Journal of the American Planning Association},

volume = {35},

number = {4},

pages = {216-224},

abstract = {The heated controversy over “citizen participation,” “citizen control”, and “maximum feasible involvement of the poor,” has been waged largely in terms of exacerbated rhetoric and misleading euphemisms. To encourage a more enlightened dialogue, a typology of citizen participation is offered using examples from three federal social programs: urban renewal, anti-poverty, and Model Cities. The typology, which is designed to be provocative, is arranged in a ladder pattern with each rung corresponding to the extent of citizens' power in determining the plan and/or program.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}